Hydrographic Data

Meridional dashed white lines at 144° and 165°E show the CTD sections.

Seasonal CTD sections from the R.V. Kofu Maru along 144°E from 34° to 42°N with 20 mile station spacing were used to identify the path of the Kuroshio Extension at the first crest (FC) (JMAa,1992-1999).

CTD data used to identify the Kuroshio Extension downstream and its Northern Branch was obtained by the R.V. Ryofu Maru along 165°E from 30° to 45°N (JMAb, 1998-1999). Additional data from the R.V. Hakuho Maru (University of Tokyo) along 165°E in 1993 (Taira and Kawabe, 1994) were also included in the time series.