2. Data

1. GISST

• SST
• 1ｰx1ｰ grid, global oceans, monthly time resolution from 1949 to 1998 (50 years)
• Edited by U. K. Meteorological Office (Parker et al. 1995; Rayner et al. 1996)

2. NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis

• Sea level pressure (SLP), surface winds, and surface momentum flux
• 2.5ｰx2.5ｰ grid over the globe, monthly time resolution from 1949 to 1998 (50 years)
• The National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) performed the reanalysis (Kalnay et al. 1996).

3. SODA

• Temperature, salinity, and horizontal subsurface velocity, and sea surface height (SSH) (model output)
• About 1ｰx1ｰ grid from 60ｰN to 60ｰS in the global oceans
• Monthly mean data from 1950 to 1999 (50 years)
• The Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) analysis data (Carton et al. 2000)

4. OGCM

• Temperature and salinity
• 1ｰx1ｰ grid and 41 vertical levels with a resolution of 10 to 15 m in the top 300 m
• GFDL MOM 1.1 forced by monthly mean wind-stress estimated in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for the period 1957-97 (40 years) (Xie et al. 2000)