Agulhas Bibliography

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Abrams, R. W. and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1986). Relationship between seabirds and meso-scale hydrographic features in the Agulhas Current retroflection region. In Acta XIX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici Vol. I, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 991-996.

Allanson, B. R., R. C. Hart and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1981). Observations on the nutrients, chlorophyll and primary production of the Southern Ocean south of Africa. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 10/11: 3-14.

Anderson, F. P. (1967). Time-variations in the Agulhas Current near Durban. National Physical Research Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, internal publication IG 67/8, 13 pp.

Anderson, F. P. (1972). Circulation patterns along the east coast (coastal zone and open ocean) in relation to pollution. South African Journal of Science, 68(5): 121-123.

Anderson, F. P., M. L. Gründlingh and C. C. Stavropoulos (1988). Kinematics of the southern Natal coastal circulation: some historic measurements 1962-63. South African Journal of Science, 84(10): 857-860.

Andrau, K. F. R. (1859). De stormen op het Kaapse rif. In Maandelikse Zeilaanwijzingen van Java naar het Kanaal, Koninklijk Nederlandsch Meteorologisch Instituut, Utrecht, pp. 25-56.

Anonymous (1954). 1854 Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut 1954. Staatsdrukkerij en Uitgeversbedrijf, 's Gravenhage, 469 pp.

Anonymous (1965). Development of the International Indian Ocean Expedition. International Indian Ocean Expedition, Collected Reprints, I: ix-xi.

Anonymous (1970). Agulhas. In Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, editors D. J. Potgieter and P. C. du Plessis, Vol.1, Nasou, Cape Town, p. 254.

Anonymous (1970). Symposium 'Oceanography in South Africa 1970', South African National Committee for Oceanographic Research, Durban.

Arhan, M., H. Mercier and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1999). The disparate evolution of three Agulhas rings in the South Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C9): 20,987-21,005.

Bang, N. D. (1970). Dynamic interpretations of a detailed surface temperature chart of the Agulhas Current retroflexion (sic) and fragmentation area. South African Geographical Journal, 52(12): 67-76.

Bang, N. D. (1970). Major eddies and frontal structures in the Agulhas Current retroflexion (sic) area in March, 1969. In Symposium "Oceanography South Africa 1970", South African National Committee for Oceanographic Research, 16 pp.

Bang, N. D. (1972). Logic intensive versus data intensive methods in oceanographic planning, analysis and prediction. In Proceedings of 'Conference 72', South African Geophysical Society, Johannesburg.

Bang, N. D. (1973). Oceanography: Oceanographic Environment of Southern Africa. In Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, editors J. J. Spies and P. C. du Plessis, Vol.8, Nasou, Cape Town, pp. 282-286.

Bang, N. D. and W. R. H. Andrews (1974). Direct current measurements of a shelf-edge frontal jet in the southern Benguela system. Journal of Marine Research, 32(3): 405-417.

Barange, M. (1994). Acoustic identification, classification and structure of biological patchiness on the edge of the Agulhas Bank and its relation to frontal features. South African Journal of Marine Science, 14: 333-347.

Barange, M., E. A. Pakhomov, R. Perissinotto, P. W. Froneman, H. M. Verheye, J. Taunton-Clark and M. I. Lucas (1998). Pelagic community structure of the subtropical convergence region south of Africa and in the mid-Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 45(10): 1663-1687.

Barlow, E. W. (1931). Currents in the western portion of the Indian Ocean. Introduction. Marine Observer, 8(90): 130-132.

Barlow, E. W. (1931). Currents in the western portion of the Indian Ocean. II - Currents during the S. W. Monsoon period. Marine Observer, 8(93): 193-194.

Barlow, E. W. (1931). Currents in the western portion of the Indian Ocean. III - Currents during the N. E. Monsoon period (northern winter and southern summer) and general summary. Marine Observer, 8(96): 254-259.

B(arlow), E. W. (1932). Major James Rennell. Marine Observer, 9(101): 94-98.

Barlow, E. W. (1933). Currents in the southern Indian Ocean, winter season. Marine Observer, 10(111): 99.

Barlow, E. W. (1933). Currents in the southern Indian Ocean, summer season and general summary. Marine Observer, 10(112): 132-135.

Barlow, E. W. (1935). The 1910 to 1935 survey of the currents of the Indian Ocean and China Seas. Marine Observer, 12(120): 153-163.

Basto, A. de M. (1945). Diario da viagem de Vasco da Gama. Vol. 1. Editora, Porto, 150 pp.

Bé, A. W. H. and J. C. Duplessy (1976). Subtropical convergence fluctuations and quaternary climates in the middle latitudes of the Indian ocean. Science, 194(4263): 419-422.

Beal, L. M. (1997). Observations of the velocity structure of the Agulhas Current. Ph. D. thesis, University of Southampton, 158 pp.

Beal, L. and H. Bryden (1996). The water masses, velocity structure and volume transport of the Agulhas Current at 32°S. International WOCE Newsletter, 22: 20, 23, 25-27.

Beal, L. M. and H. L. Bryden (1997). Observations of an Agulhas Undercurrent. Deep-Sea Research, 44(9-10 ): 1715-1724.

Beal, L. M. and H. L. Bryden (1999). The velocity and vorticity structure of the Agulhas Current at 32^o S. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C3): 5151-5176.

Beal, L. M., A. Field and A. L. Gordon (2000). Spreading of Red Sea waters in the Indian Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(C4): 8549-8564.

Becker, R. (1938). Über den jährlichen Temperaturgang auf dem Indischen und Stillen Ozean. Annalen der Hydrographie, Berlin, 66(7): 338-340.

Beckley, L. E. (1983). Sea-surface temperature variability around Cape Recife, South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 79(11): 436-438.

Beckley, L. E. (1988). Spatial and temporal variability in sea temperature in Algoa Bay, South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 84(1): 67-69.

Beckley, L. E. and R. C. van Ballegooyen (1992). Oceanographic conditions during three ichthyoplankton surveys of the Agulhas Current in 1990/91. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12: 3-17.

Beckley, L. E. and J. D. Hewitson (1994). Distribution and abundance of clupeoid larvae along the east coast of South Africa in 1990/91. South African Journal of Marine Science, 14: 205-212.

Beismann, J.-O., R. H. Käse and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1999). On the influence of submarine ridges on translation and stability of Agulhas rings. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C4): 7897-7906.

Belkin, I. M. and A. L. Gordon (1996). Southern Ocean fronts from the Greenwich meridian to Tasmania. Journal of Geophyscial Research, 101(C2): 3675-3696.

Bennett, A. F. (1983). The South Pacific including the East Australian Current. In Eddies in Marine Science, editor A. R. Robinson, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 219-244.

Bennett, S. L. (1988). Where Three Oceans Meet: the Agulhas retroflection region. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, WHOI-88-51, 367 pp.

Berghaus, H. (1945). Physikalischer Atlas. Erster Band. Verlag J. Perthes, Gotha, 234 pp.

Berghaus, H. (1867). Welt-karte zur Übersicht der Meeres-Stömungen und das Schnellverkers. In (1988) Handatlas über alle Theile der Erde und über das Weltgebäude, editor A. Stieler, Gotha, 95 charts.

Biastoch, A. (1998). Zirkulation und Dynamik in der Agulhasregion anhand eines numerischen Modells. Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, 301, 118 pp.

Biastoch, A. and W. Krauss (1999). The role of mesoscale eddies in the source regions of the Agulhas Current. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29(9): 2303-2317.

Biastoch, A., C. J. C. Reason, J. R. E. Lutjeharms and O. Boebel (1999). The importance of flow in the Mozambique Channel to the seasonality in the greater Agulhas Current system. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(21): 3321-3324.

Blanton, J. O. (1971). Exchange of Gulf Stream Water with North Carolina Shelf Water in Onslow Bay during stratified conditions. Deep-Sea Research, 18(2): 167-178.

Blanton, J. O. and L. J. Pietrafesa (1978). Flushing of the continental shelf south of Cape Hateras by the Gulf Stream. Geophysical Research Letters, 5(6): 495-498.

Blanton, J. O., L. P. Atkinson, L. J. Pietrafesa and T. N. Lee (1981). The intrusion of Gulf Stream Water across the continental shelf due to topographically-induced upwelling. Deep-Sea Research, 28(4): 393-405.

Boddem, J. and R. Schlitzer (1995). Interocean exchange and meridional mass and heat fluxes in the South Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C8): 15,821-15,834.

Boden, B. P., C. M. Duncombe Rae and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1988). The distribution of the diatoms of the S. W. Indian Ocean waters between Cape Town and the Prince Edward Island archipelago. South African Journal of Science, 84(10): 811-818.

Boebel, O., C. Duncombe Rae, S. Garzoli, J. Lutjeharms, P. Richardson, T. Rossby, C. Schmid and W. Zenk (1997). Float experiment studies interocean exchanges at the tip of Africa. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 79(1): 1, 7-8.

Boebel, O. and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1999). Penetration of Red Sea Water into the South West Indian Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, in preparation.

Boland, F. M. and B. V. Hamon (1970). The East Australian Current. Deep-Sea Research, 17(4): 777-794.

Boland, F. M. and J. A. Church (1981). The East Australian Current 1978. Deep-Sea Research, 28(9): 937-957.

Boudra, D. B. and E. P. Chassignet (1988). Dynamics of Agulhas retroflection and ring formation in a numerical model. I. The vorticity balance. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 18(2): 280-303.

Boudra, D. B. and W. P. M. de Ruijter (1986). The wind-driven circulation in the South Atlantic-Indian Ocean - II. Experiments using a multi-layer numerical model. Deep-Sea Research, 33(4): 447-482.

Boudra, D. B., K. A. Maillet and E. P. Chassignet (1989). Numerical modeling of Agulhas retroflection and ring formation with isopycnal outcropping. In Meso-scale/Synoptic Coherent Structures in Geophysical Turbulence, editors J. C. J. Nihoul and B. M. Jamart, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 315-335.

Boyd, A. J., B. B. S. Tromp and D. A. Horstman (1985). The hydrology of the South African south-western coast between Cape Point and Danger Point in 1975. South African Journal of Marine Science, 3: 145-168.

Boyd, A. J., J. Taunton-Clark and G. P. J. Oberholster (1992). Spatial features of the near-surface and midwater circulation patterns off western and southern South Africa and their role in the life histories of various commercially fished species. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12: 189-206.

Boyd, A. J. and F. A. Shillington (1994). Physical forcing and circulation patterns on the Agulhas Bank. South African Journal of Science, 90(3): 114-122.

Bravo, M. (1993). James Rennell: antiquarian of ocean currents. Ocean Challenge, 4(1/2): 41-50.

Brennecke, W. (1915). Oceanographische Arbeiten S.M.S. Möwe im westlichen Indischen Ozean 1913. Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie, 43(8): 337-343.

Broecker, W. S., D. Peteet and D. Rind (1985). Does the ocean-atmosphere have more than one stable mode of operation? Nature, 315(6014): 21-25.

Broecker, W. S. (1987). The biggest chill. Natural History Magazine, 97: 74-82.

Broecker, W. S. (1991). The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography, 4(2): 79-89.

Brown, A. C. (1997). John D. F. Gilchrist and the early years of marine science in South Africa. In A Century of Marine Science in South Africa, editors A.I.L. Payne and J. R. E. Lutjeharms, Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Royal Society of South Africa, pp. 2-16 and Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 52(1): 2-16.

Brundrit, G. B. and L. V. Shannon (1989). Cape storms and the Agulhas Current: a glimpse of the future? South African Journal of Science, 85(10): 619-620.

Bryantsev, V. A., S. V. Pavlukhin and A. S. Pelevin (1979). Characteristics of geostrophic currents and the Subtropical Convergence zone in the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Oceanology, 19(4): 395-399.

Buchan, A. (1895). Report on oceanic circulations based on observations made on board H.M.S. Challenger and other observations. Challenger Reports, II (Physics and Chemistry). Part VIII, appendix to Summary, 38 pp.

Bunker, A. F. (1980). Trends of variables and energy fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean from 1948 to 1972. Monthly Weather Review, 108(6): 720-732.

Bunker, A. F. (1988). Surface energy fluxes of the South Atlantic Ocean. Monthly Weather Review, 116(4): 809-823.

Byrne, D. A., A. L. Gordon and W. F. Haxby (1995). Agulhas Eddies: a synoptic view using Geosat ERM data. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(5): 902-917.

Camden-Smith, F., L.-A. Perrins, R. V. Dingle and G. B. Brundrit (1981). A preliminary report on long-term bottom-current measurements and sediment transport/erosion in the Agulhas Passage, Southwest Indian Ocean. Marine Geology, 39: M81-M88.

Carte, A. E. (1989). An informal historical review of the National Physical Research Laboratory. South African Journal of Science, 85(2): 76-79.

Carter, R. and J. d'Aubrey (1988). Inorganic nutrients in Natal continental shelf waters. In Coastal Ocean Studies off Natal, South Africa, editor E. H. Schumann, Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies 26, Springer-verlag, Berlin, pp. 131-151.

Carter, R. A. and M. H. Schleyer (1988). Plankton distributions in Natal coastal waters. In Coastal Ocean Studies off Natal, South Africa, editor E. H. Schumann, Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies 26, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 152-177.

Chapman, P., C. M. Duncombe Rae and B. R. Allanson (1987). Nutrients, chlorophyll and oxygen relationships in the surface layers at the Agulhas retroflection. Deep-Sea Research, 34(8): 1399-1416.

Chapman, P. (1988). On the occurrence of oxygen-depleted water south of Africa and its implications for Agulhas-Atlantic mixing. South African Journal of Marine Science, 7: 267-294.

Chapman, P. and J. L. Largier (1989). On the origin of Agulhas Bank bottom water. South African Journal of Science, 85(8): 515-519.

Chassignet, E. P. and D. B. Boudra (1987). Dynamics of Agulhas retroflection and ring formation in a quasi-isopycnic coordinate numerical model. In Three Dimensional Models of Marine and Estuarine Dynamics, editors J. C. J. Nihoul and B. M. Jamart, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 169-194.

Chassignet, E. P. and D. B. Boudra (1988). Dynamics of Agulhas retroflection and ring formation in a numerical model. II. Energetics and ring formation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 18(2): 304-319.

Chassignet, E. P., D. B. Olson and D. B. Boudra (1989). Evolution of rings in numerical models and observations. In Mesoscale/Synoptic Coherent Structures in Geophysical Turbulence, editors J. C. J. Nihoul and B. M. Jamart, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 337-356.

Cheney, R. A., J. G. Marsh and B. D. Beckley (1983). Global mesoscale variability from collinear tracks of SEASAT altimeter data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88(C7): 4343-4354.

Chew, F. (1981). Shingles, spin-off eddies and an hypothesis. Deep-Sea Research, 28(4): 379-391.

Christensen, M. S. (1980). Sea-surface temperature charts for Southern Africa, south of 26°S. South African Journal of Science, 76(2): 541-546.

Chun, C. (1900). Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres. Schilderungen von der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition. Gustav Fisher, Jena, 549 pp.

Chun, C. (et al.) (1902-1940). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia, 1898-1899. Gustaf Fisher, Jena, 24 volumes.

Churchill, J. H., P. C. Cornillon and G. W. Milkowski (1986). A cyclonic eddy and shelf-slope water exchange associated with Gulf Stream warm-core rings. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91(C8): 9615-9623.

Clement, A. C. and A. L. Gordon (1995). The absolute velocity field of Agulhas eddies and the Benguela Current. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C11): 22,591-22,601.

Clowes, A. J. and G. E. R. Deacon (1935). The deep-water circulation of the Indian Ocean. Nature, 136(3450): 936-938.

Clowes, A. J. (1950). An introduction to the hydrology of South African waters. Fisheries and Marine, Biological Survey Division, Union of South Africa, Investigational Reports, 12: 42 pp.

Cockroft, V. G., V. M. Peddemors, P. G. Ryan and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1990). Cetacean sightings in the Agulhas Retroflection, Agulhas Rings and Subtropical Convergence. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 20(2): 64-67.

Colborn, J. G. (1975). The thermal structure of the Indian Ocean. International Indian Ocean Expedition Oceanographic Monographs, Number 2, An East-west Center Book, The University Press of Hawaü, Honolulu, 173 pp.

Colton, M. T. and R. R. P. Chase (1983). Interaction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current with bottom topography: an investigation using satellite altimetry. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88(C3): 1825-1843.

Cresswell, G. R. and T. J. Golding (1980). Observations of a south-flowing current in the south-eastern Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 27(6): 449-466.

Crimp, S. J., J. R. E. Lutjeharms and S. J. Mason (1998). Sensitivity of a tropical-temperate trough to sea-surface temperature anomalies in the Agulhas retroflection region. Water SA, 24(2): 93-101.

CSIR (1985). A decade in oceanology. Activities of the National Research Institute for Oceanology, 1974-1984. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch, CSIR Report T/SEA 8514, 28 pp.

CSIR (1988). CSIR. Review of activities in oceanology, 1985-1987. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch, 40 pp.

Daniault, N. and Y. Menard (1985). Eddy kinetic energy distribution in the Southern Ocean from altimetry and FGGE drifting buoys. Journal of Geophyscial Research, 90(C6): 18,877-11,889.

Darbyshire, J. (1964). A hydrological investigation of the Agulhas Current area. Deep-Sea Research, 11(5): 781-815.

Darbyshire, J. (1972). The effect of bottom topography on the Agulhas Current. Reviews of Pure and Applied Geophysics, 101(9): 208-220.

Darbyshire, M. (1966). The surface waters near the coast of Southern Africa. Deep-Sea Research, 13(1): 57-81.

Darbyshire, M. (1966). Agulhas Current (and Mozambique Current). In The Encyclopaedia of Oceanography, editor R. W. Fairbridge, pp. 23-28, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York.

Deacon, G. E. R. (1933). A general account of the hydrology of the South Atlantic Ocean. Discovery Report, 7: 171-238.

Deacon, G. E. R. (1937). The hydrology of the Southern Ocean. Discovery Report, 15: 124 pp.

Deacon, G. E. R. (1960). The Indian Ocean Expedition. Nature, 187(4737): 561-562.

Deacon, G. E. R. (1982). Physical and biological zonation in the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 29(1):1-15.

Deacon, M. (1971). Scientists and the Sea 1650-1900; a study of marine science. Academic Press, London, 445 pp.

De Cuevas, B. A., G. B. Brundrit and A. M. Shipley (1986). Low-frequency sea-level fluctuations along the coasts of Namibia and South Africa. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 87(1): 1-15.

De Decker, A. H. B. (1973). Agulhas Bank plankton. In The Biology of the Indian Ocean, editor B. Zeitzschel, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 189-219.

De Decker, A. H. B. (1984). Near-surface copepod distribution in the south-western Indian and south-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Annals of the South African Museum, 93(5): 303-370.

Defant, A. (1932-1960). Wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf dem Forschung- und Vermessungschiff "Meteor" 1925-1927. Bände I-XVI, Berlin.

Defant, A. (1936). Ausbreitung- und Vermischungsvorgänge im antarktischen Bodenstrom und im subantarktischen Zwischenwasser. In Quantitative Untersuchungen zur Statik und Dynamik des Atlantischen Ozeans, in Wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf dem Forschung- und Vermessungschiff "Meteor" 1925-1927, 6(2): 53-96.

Defant, A. (1941). Die absolute Topografie des physikalischen Meeresniveaus und der Druckflächen sowie die Wasserbewegung im Atlantischen Ozean. In Quantitative Untersuchungen zur Statik und Dynamik des Atlantischen Ozeans, in Wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantischen Expedition auf dem Forschung- und Vermessungschiff "Meteor" 1925-1927, 6(2): 191-260.

Defant, A. (1941). Die relative Topografie eizelner Druckflächen im Atlantischen Ozean. 'Meteor' Forschungsergebnisse, 6(2/4): 183-190.

De Ruijter, W. (1982). Asymptotic analysis of the Agulhas and Brazil Current systems. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 12(4): 361-373.

De Ruijter, W. P. M. and D. B. Boudra (1985). The wind-driven circulation in the South Atlantic-Indian Ocean - I. Numerical experiments in a one-layer model. Deep-Sea Research, 32(5): 557-574.

De Ruijter, W. P. M., P. J. van Leeuwen and J. R. E. Lutjeharms (1999). Generation and evolution of Natal Pulses: solitary meanders in the Agulhas Current. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29(12): 3043-3055..

De Ruijter, W. P. M., A. Biastoch, S. S. Drijfhout, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, R. P. Matano, T. Pichevin, P. J. van Leeuwen and W. Weijer (1999). Indian-Atlantic inter-ocean exchange: dynamics, estimation and impact. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C9): 20,885-20,911.

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Dietrich, G. (1935). Aufbau und Dynamik des südlichen Agulhasstromgebietes. Veröffentlichungen des Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Berlin, n.f. A(27): 79 pp.

Dietrich, G. (1935). Zur Dynamik des Atlantischen Zweiges des Agulhasstromes. Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie, 63: 383-387.

Dietrich, G. (1936). Aufbau und Bewegung von Golfstrom und Agulhasstrom, eine vergleichende Betrachtung. Naturwissenschaften, 24(15): 225-230.

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Donohue, K. A., E. Firing and L. Beal (2000). Comparison of three velocity sections of the Agulhas Current and Agulhas Undercurrent. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(C12): 28,585-28,594.

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Drijfhout, S. S., E. Maier-Reimer and U. Mikolajewicz (1996). Tracing the conveyer belt in the Hamburg large-scale geostrophic ocean general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C10): 22 563-22 575.

Duncan, C. P. (1968). An eddy in the Subtropical Convergence southwest of South Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research, 73(2): 531-534.

Duncan, C. P. (1970). The Agulhas Current. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii, 76 pp.

Duncan, C. P. and S. G. Schladow (1981). World surface currents from ship's drift observations. International Hydrographic Review, 58(2): 101-112.

Duncombe Rae, C. M., L. V. Shannon and F. A. Shillington (1989). An Agulhas ring in the South Atlantic Ocean. South African Journal of Science, 85(11): 747-748.

Duncombe Rae, C. M. (1991). Agulhas retroflection rings in the South Atlantic Ocean; an overview. South African Journal of Marine Science, 11: 327-344.

Duncombe Rae, C. M., A. J. Boyd and R. J. M. Crawford (1992). "Predation" of anchovy by an Agulhas ring: a possible contributory cause of the very poor year class of 1989. South African Journal of Marine Science, 12: 167-173.

Duncombe Rae, C. M., F. A. Shillington, J. J. Agenbag, J. Taunton-Clark and M. L. Gründlingh (1992). An Agulhas Ring in the South East Atlantic Ocean and its interaction with the Benguela upwelling frontal system. Deep-Sea Research, 39(11/12): 2009-2027.

Duncombe Rae, C. M., S. L. Garzoli and A. L. Gordon (1996). The eddy field of the southeast Atlantic Ocean: a statistical census from the Benguela Sources and Transports Project. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C5): 11,949-11,964.

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Evenson, G. and P. J. van Leeuwen (1996). Assimilation of Geosat altimeter data for the Agulhas Current using the ensemble Kalman filter with a quasigeostrophic model. Monthly Weather Review, 124(1):85-96.

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